Sun

​ Our project is on the Sun or also called Sol. The sun is located at the center of our Solar System or 179.60 millon miles away from Earth. The Sun is so far away from planet Earth it takes 8 minutes for the Sun's light to reach us, so we are basically seeing the past. The sun is by far the Heaviest thing in our solar system taking up 99.86% of all mass in space. It weights 4,385,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 pounds.

The Sun's color is white, although from the surface of the Earth it may appear yellow because atmospheric scattering. It has a spectrical case of G2V, informally designated a yellow star because the majority of its radiation is in the yellow-green portion of the visible spectrum.The //G2// indicates it's surface tempature of approximately 5,510 C. The //V// in the spectral class indicates that the Sun, like most stars, is a main sequence star, and though it generates its energy by nuclear fugen of hydrogen nucli into helium. Once regarded as a small and relatively insignificant star, the Sun is now presumed to be brighter than 85% of the stars in the galaxy, most of which are red dwarfs.

The Sun is currently traveling through the Local Intersteller Cloud in the Local Bubble zone, within the inner rim of the Orion Arm of the Milky Way Galaxy. Of the 50 nearest steller systeems within 17 light-years from the Earth, the Sun ranks 4th in mass. The Sun orbits the center of the Milkey Way Galxay. At a distance of approximately 24,000 – 26,000 light years from the galactic center, completing one clockwise orbit, as viewed from the galactic north pole, in about 225–250 million years.

The Sun is a near-perfect sphere, with an oblateless estimated at about 9 millionths,which means that its polar diameter differs from its equatorial diameter by only 6 miles. As the Sun exists in a plasticmic state and is not solid, it rotates faster at its equater than at its poles. This is known as differential rotation, and it is caused by convection in the Sun and the movement of mass, due to steep temperature gradients from the core outwards. This mass carries a portion of the Sun’s counter-clockwise angular momentum, as viewed from the ecliptic north pole, thus redistributing the angular velocity.

The Sun is a Population I, or heavy element-rich,star. Formation of the Sun may have been triggered by shockwaves from one or more nearby supernova.This is suggested by a high abudance of heavy elements in the Solar System, such as gold and uranium, relative to the abundances of these elements in so-called Population II heavy element-poor stars. These elements could most likely have been produced by endorinic nuclear reactions during a supernova, or by transmulation via netruon absoration inside a massive second-generation star.

The Sun is a magnetically active star. It supports a strong, changing magnetic fields that varies year-to-year and reverses direction about every eleven years around solar maximum.The Sun's magnetic field gives rise to many effects that are collectively called solar activity including sunspots on the surface of the Sun, solar falres, and variations in solar wind that carry material through the Solar System.Effects of solar activity on Earth include aururas at moderate to high latitudes, and the disruption of radio communications and electric power. Solar activity is thought to have played a large role in the formation and evolution of the Solar System. Solar activity changes the structure of Earth's outer atmosphere.All matter in the Sun is in the form of gas and plasma because of its high temperatures.

The solar magnetic field extends well beyond the Sun itself. The magnetized solar wind plasma carries Sun's magnetic field into the space forming what is called the interplanetary magnetic field. Since the plasma can only move along the magnetic field lines, the interplanetary magnetic field is initially stretched radially away from the Sun. Because the fields above and below the solar equator have different polarities pointing towards and away from the Sun, there exists a thin current layer in the solar equatorial plane, which is called the heliospheric current sheet.

The Sun is composed primarily of the chemical elements hydrogenand helum they account for 74.9% and 23.8% of the mass of the Sun in the photosphere, respectively. All heavier elements, called //metals// in astronomy, account for less than 2 percent of the mass. The most abundant metals are oxygen roughly 1% of the Sun's mass, carbon 0.3%, neon 0.2%, and iron 0.2%.The Sun inherited its chemical composition from the intersticular medium out of which it formed: the hydrogen and helium in the Sun were produced by Big Bang. The metals were produced by stellar necui in generations of stars which completed their st and returnedecular evolution their material to the interstellar medium prior to the formation of the Sun.